Q1：创建一个10G分区，并格式为ext4文件系统；
(1) 要求其block大小为2048, 预留空间百分比为2, 卷标为MYDATA, 默认挂载属性包含acl；
[root@promote ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb #将/dev/sdb进行分区操作；
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb294ca06.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #创建新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
P #选择建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 #为主分区编码1号
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #使用默认起始柱面
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G #大小为10G
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@promote ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -L MYDATA -m 2 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=MYDATA
操作系统:linux
块大小=2048 (log=1)
分块大小=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
657408 inodes, 5245206 blocks
104904 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=543162368
321 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104,
2048000, 3981312
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@promote ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1 #默认挂载属性包含acl
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) (2) 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳； [root@promote ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata Q2：创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之； [root@promote ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #创建新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
P #选择创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 2 #创建的主分区编号为2
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +1G #大小1G
Command (m for help): t #更改分区类型，原本的为83
Partition number (1-4): 2 #对第二块主分区磁盘进行修改
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 #分区类型swap分区代码：82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): p #可以看到/dev/sdb2已经修改为swap分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb294ca06
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 1438 1060290 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w #保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@promote ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb #多输入两遍，重新加载磁盘分区；
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
[root@promote ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
[root@promote ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060284 KiB
no label, UUID=ec026d7c-f173-4746-94db-1b93ffdb44ee
[root@promote ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2 Q3：写一个脚本
#
fdisk -l /dev/s[dh][a-z] | grep -o "Disk /dev/s[dh][a-z]" | cut -d" " -f2
echo -e "\n"
df -h Q4：总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同； 见另一篇博客； Q5：创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且CHUNK大小为128k; #首先创建3个10G分区，/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdd1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=1 --chunk=128K --raid-devices=2 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sd{b1,c1,d1}
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --auto=yes --level=5 --chunk=256K --raid-devices=2 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sd{b2,c2,d2}
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
# /dev/md1 /backup ext4 noatime,acl 0 0 Q7：写一个脚本
#!/bin/bash
#
[ $# -lt 1 ] && echo "At least one path!" && exit 1
for i in $*;do
echo "$i has $(wc -l $i | cut -d" " -f1) lines."
done
echo
echo $#
#方法二：
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
echo "At least one path!"
exit 1
fi
for i in $*;do
echo "$i has $(cat $i | wc -l) lines."
done
echo
echo $# Q8：写一个脚本
#!/bin/bash
#
[ $# -lt 2 ] && echo "At least two strings!" && exit 1
declare -i sum=0
for i in $*;do
id $i &> /dev/null && echo "user $i has existed!" || (useradd $i && echo "$i" | passwd --stdin $i)
sum+=1
done
echo "You added $sum users."
#方法二：
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $# -lt 2 ];then
echo "At least two strings!"
exit 1
fi
declare -i sum=0
for i in $*;do
if id $i &> /dev/null;then
echo "user $i has existed!"
continue
else
useradd $i
sum+=1
echo "$i" | passwd --stdin $i
fi
done
echo "You added $sum users." Q9：写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1-visitor20；计算他们的ID之和； #!/bin/bash
#
declare -i sum=0
for i in {1..20};do
id visitor$i &> /dev/null && echo "user visitor$i has existed!" || useradd visitor$i && echo "visitor$i has been added successfully!"
id_num=$(grep "visitor$i" /etc/passwd | cut -d":" -f3)
let sum+=$id_num
done
echo "The sum of the twenty users'ID is $sum." 【注】批量删除这20个用户，在shell命令行窗口中输入：
[root@promote ~]# for i in {1..20};do userdel -r visitor$i;done
#
declare -i sum=0
for i in {/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit,/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions,/etc/fstab};do
echo "File:$i has $(grep "^#.*" $i | wc -l) lines to be started with '#'."
add=$(grep "^[[:space:]]*$" $i | wc -l)
let sum+=$add
done
echo "三个文件总的空白行数：$sum"
#
grep "bash$" /etc/passwd | cut -d":" -f1,3
declare -i id_sum=0
for i in $(grep "bash$" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $3}');do
id_sum+=i
done
echo "默认shell为bash用户的UID之和为：$id_sum" Q12：写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有，拥有附加组的用户的用户名；并说明共有多少个此类用户； #!/bin/bash
#
cat /etc/group | cut -d: -f1,4 | grep -v ":$" | cut -d: -f1
num=$(cat /etc/group | cut -d: -f1,4 | grep -v ":$" | cut -d: -f1 | wc -l)
echo "拥有附加组用户有$num个"
#特别注意：grep -v的用法；
#将/dev/sb3和/dev/sc3创建成PV
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc3
Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- 119.51g 64.00m
/dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 5.00g 5.00g
/dev/sdc3 lvm2 --- 15.00g 15.00g
#用/dev/sb3和/dev/sc3创建的两个PV，生成一个VG，PE大小为8M
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M myvg /dev/sd{b3,c3}
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 3 0 wz--n- 119.51g 64.00m
myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g
#myvg创建逻辑卷LV：大小5G，名为mylv1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 myvg
Logical volume "mylv1" created.
#对mylv1格式化
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv1
#对mylv1设置开机自动挂载
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
添加：
/dev/myvg/mylv1 /users ext4 defaults,acl 0 0
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mount -a
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /
devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 493M 6.8M 487M 2% /run
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-home 68G 33M 68G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 26% /boot
tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /users Q14：新建用户magedu；其家目录为/users/magedu，而后su切换至此用户，复制多个文件至家目录； [root@promote /]# mkdir users
[root@promote /]# useradd -d /users/magedu magedu
[root@promote users]# su - magedu
[magedu@promote ~]$ pwd
/users/magedu
[magedu@promote ~]$ cp /etc/fstab /etc/networks ./
[magedu@promote ~]$ ls
fstab networks Q15：扩展mylv1至9G，确保扩展完成后原有数据完全可用； [root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h /dev/myvg/mylv1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /users
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvextend -L 9G /dev/myvg/mylv1
Size of logical volume myvg/mylv1 changed from 5.00 GiB (640 extents) to 9.00 GiB (1152 extents).
Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv1 is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 is now 2359296 blocks long.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h /dev/myvg/mylv1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 8.8G 23M 8.3G 1% /users Q16：缩减mylv1至7G，确保缩减完成后原有数据完全可用； [root@CentOS7_2 ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/myvg/mylv1: 11/589824 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 75551/2359296 blocks
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/myvg/mylv1 7G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 to 1835008 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 is now 1835008 blocks long.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvreduce -L 7G /dev/myvg/mylv1
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 7.00 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce mylv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume myvg/mylv1 changed from 9.00 GiB (1152 extents) to 7.00 GiB (896 extents).
Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mount -a
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h /dev/myvg/mylv1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 6.8G 23M 6.5G 1% /users Q17：对mylv1创建快照，并通过备份数据；要求保留原有的属主属组等信息； [root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvcreate -L 20M -s -p r -n mylv1snap1 /dev/myvg/mylv1
Rounding up size to full physical extent 24.00 MiB
Logical volume "mylv1snap1" created.
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb294ca06.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #创建新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
P #选择建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 #为主分区编码1号
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): #使用默认起始柱面
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +10G #大小为10G
Command (m for help): w #保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@promote ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -L MYDATA -m 2 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
文件系统标签=MYDATA
操作系统:linux
块大小=2048 (log=1)
分块大小=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
657408 inodes, 5245206 blocks
104904 blocks (2.00%) reserved for the super user
第一个数据块=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=543162368
321 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816, 1327104,
2048000, 3981312
正在写入inode表: 完成
Creating journal (32768 blocks): 完成
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 完成
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 33 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@promote ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1 #默认挂载属性包含acl
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) (2) 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳； [root@promote ~]# mount -o noexec,noatime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata Q2：创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之； [root@promote ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n #创建新分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
P #选择创建主分区
Partition number (1-4): 2 #创建的主分区编号为2
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +1G #大小1G
Command (m for help): t #更改分区类型，原本的为83
Partition number (1-4): 2 #对第二块主分区磁盘进行修改
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82 #分区类型swap分区代码：82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): p #可以看到/dev/sdb2已经修改为swap分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb294ca06
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 1307 1438 1060290 82 Linux swap / Solaris
Command (m for help): w #保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@promote ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb #多输入两遍，重新加载磁盘分区；
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
[root@promote ~]# partx -a /dev/sdb
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 1
BLKPG: Device or resource busy
error adding partition 2
[root@promote ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060284 KiB
no label, UUID=ec026d7c-f173-4746-94db-1b93ffdb44ee
[root@promote ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2 Q3：写一个脚本
(1)、获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备；
(2)、显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区相关的空间使用信息；
#!/bin/bash#
fdisk -l /dev/s[dh][a-z] | grep -o "Disk /dev/s[dh][a-z]" | cut -d" " -f2
echo -e "\n"
df -h Q4：总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能的不同； 见另一篇博客； Q5：创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且CHUNK大小为128k; #首先创建3个10G分区，/dev/sdb1,/dev/sdc1,/dev/sdd1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --auto=yes --level=1 --chunk=128K --raid-devices=2 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sd{b1,c1,d1}
Q6：创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256k，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载至/backup目录，而且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能；
#首先创建3个2G分区，/dev/sdb2,/dev/sdc2,/dev/sdd2[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mdadm --create /dev/md1 --auto=yes --level=5 --chunk=256K --raid-devices=2 --spare-devices=1 /dev/sd{b2,c2,d2}
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
# /dev/md1 /backup ext4 noatime,acl 0 0 Q7：写一个脚本
(1) 接受一个以上文件路径作为参数；
(2) 显示每个文件拥有的行数；
(3) 总结说明本次共为几个文件统计了其行数；
#方法一：#!/bin/bash
#
[ $# -lt 1 ] && echo "At least one path!" && exit 1
for i in $*;do
echo "$i has $(wc -l $i | cut -d" " -f1) lines."
done
echo
echo $#
#方法二：
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $# -eq 0 ];then
echo "At least one path!"
exit 1
fi
for i in $*;do
echo "$i has $(cat $i | wc -l) lines."
done
echo
echo $# Q8：写一个脚本
(1) 传递两个以上字符串当作用户名；
(2) 创建这些用户；且密码同用户名；
(3) 总结说明共创建了几个用户；
#方法一：#!/bin/bash
#
[ $# -lt 2 ] && echo "At least two strings!" && exit 1
declare -i sum=0
for i in $*;do
id $i &> /dev/null && echo "user $i has existed!" || (useradd $i && echo "$i" | passwd --stdin $i)
sum+=1
done
echo "You added $sum users."
#方法二：
#!/bin/bash
#
if [ $# -lt 2 ];then
echo "At least two strings!"
exit 1
fi
declare -i sum=0
for i in $*;do
if id $i &> /dev/null;then
echo "user $i has existed!"
continue
else
useradd $i
sum+=1
echo "$i" | passwd --stdin $i
fi
done
echo "You added $sum users." Q9：写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1-visitor20；计算他们的ID之和； #!/bin/bash
#
declare -i sum=0
for i in {1..20};do
id visitor$i &> /dev/null && echo "user visitor$i has existed!" || useradd visitor$i && echo "visitor$i has been added successfully!"
id_num=$(grep "visitor$i" /etc/passwd | cut -d":" -f3)
let sum+=$id_num
done
echo "The sum of the twenty users'ID is $sum." 【注】批量删除这20个用户，在shell命令行窗口中输入：
[root@promote ~]# for i in {1..20};do userdel -r visitor$i;done
Q10：写一脚本，分别统计/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#号开头的行数之和，以及总的空白行数；
#!/bin/bash#
declare -i sum=0
for i in {/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit,/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions,/etc/fstab};do
echo "File:$i has $(grep "^#.*" $i | wc -l) lines to be started with '#'."
add=$(grep "^[[:space:]]*$" $i | wc -l)
let sum+=$add
done
echo "三个文件总的空白行数：$sum"
Q11：写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有默认shell为bash的用户的用户名、UID以及此类所有用户的UID之和；
#!/bin/bash#
grep "bash$" /etc/passwd | cut -d":" -f1,3
declare -i id_sum=0
for i in $(grep "bash$" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $3}');do
id_sum+=i
done
echo "默认shell为bash用户的UID之和为：$id_sum" Q12：写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有，拥有附加组的用户的用户名；并说明共有多少个此类用户； #!/bin/bash
#
cat /etc/group | cut -d: -f1,4 | grep -v ":$" | cut -d: -f1
num=$(cat /etc/group | cut -d: -f1,4 | grep -v ":$" | cut -d: -f1 | wc -l)
echo "拥有附加组用户有$num个"
#特别注意：grep -v的用法；
Q13：创建一个由至少两个物理卷组成的大小为20G的卷组；要求，PE大小为8M；而在卷组中创建一个大小为5G的逻辑卷mylv1，格式化为ext4文件系统，开机自动挂载至/users目录，支持acl；
#在磁盘上进行分区，分别为/dev/sb3和/dev/sc3#将/dev/sb3和/dev/sc3创建成PV
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb3
Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc3
Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 centos lvm2 a-- 119.51g 64.00m
/dev/sdb3 lvm2 --- 5.00g 5.00g
/dev/sdc3 lvm2 --- 15.00g 15.00g
#用/dev/sb3和/dev/sc3创建的两个PV，生成一个VG，PE大小为8M
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M myvg /dev/sd{b3,c3}
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 3 0 wz--n- 119.51g 64.00m
myvg 2 0 0 wz--n- 19.98g 19.98g
#myvg创建逻辑卷LV：大小5G，名为mylv1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 myvg
Logical volume "mylv1" created.
#对mylv1格式化
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv1
#对mylv1设置开机自动挂载
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# vim /etc/fstab
添加：
/dev/myvg/mylv1 /users ext4 defaults,acl 0 0
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mount -a
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/centos-root 50G 1.7G 49G 4% /
devtmpfs 483M 0 483M 0% /dev
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 493M 6.8M 487M 2% /run
tmpfs 493M 0 493M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-home 68G 33M 68G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 497M 125M 373M 26% /boot
tmpfs 99M 0 99M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /users Q14：新建用户magedu；其家目录为/users/magedu，而后su切换至此用户，复制多个文件至家目录； [root@promote /]# mkdir users
[root@promote /]# useradd -d /users/magedu magedu
[root@promote users]# su - magedu
[magedu@promote ~]$ pwd
/users/magedu
[magedu@promote ~]$ cp /etc/fstab /etc/networks ./
[magedu@promote ~]$ ls
fstab networks Q15：扩展mylv1至9G，确保扩展完成后原有数据完全可用； [root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h /dev/myvg/mylv1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 4.8G 20M 4.6G 1% /users
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvextend -L 9G /dev/myvg/mylv1
Size of logical volume myvg/mylv1 changed from 5.00 GiB (640 extents) to 9.00 GiB (1152 extents).
Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# resize2fs /dev/myvg/mylv1
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/myvg/mylv1 is mounted on /users; on-line resizing required
old_desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 is now 2359296 blocks long.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h /dev/myvg/mylv1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 8.8G 23M 8.3G 1% /users Q16：缩减mylv1至7G，确保缩减完成后原有数据完全可用； [root@CentOS7_2 ~]# umount /dev/myvg/mylv1
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/myvg/mylv1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
第一步: 检查inode,块,和大小
第二步: 检查目录结构
第3步: 检查目录连接性
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
第5步: 检查簇概要信息
/dev/myvg/mylv1: 11/589824 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 75551/2359296 blocks
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# resize2fs -f /dev/myvg/mylv1 7G
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 to 1835008 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/myvg/mylv1 is now 1835008 blocks long.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvreduce -L 7G /dev/myvg/mylv1
WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 7.00 GiB
THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
Do you really want to reduce mylv1? [y/n]: y
Size of logical volume myvg/mylv1 changed from 9.00 GiB (1152 extents) to 7.00 GiB (896 extents).
Logical volume mylv1 successfully resized.
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# mount -a
[root@CentOS7_2 ~]# df -h /dev/myvg/mylv1
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/myvg-mylv1 6.8G 23M 6.5G 1% /users Q17：对mylv1创建快照，并通过备份数据；要求保留原有的属主属组等信息； [root@CentOS7_2 ~]# lvcreate -L 20M -s -p r -n mylv1snap1 /dev/myvg/mylv1
Rounding up size to full physical extent 24.00 MiB
Logical volume "mylv1snap1" created.