1、创建一个10G分区，并格式为ext4文件系统
（1） 要求其block大小为2048，预留空间百分比为2，卷标为MYDATA，默认挂载属性包含acl
fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
1
1
10G
w
[root@llww3317 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L 'MYDATA' /dev/sdb1
[root@llww3317 ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
（2） 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳
[root@llww3317 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mydata
[root@llww3317 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
[root@llww3317 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 3.7G 13G 23% /
tmpfs 499M 76K 498M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot
/dev/sdb1 9.8G 13M 9.6G 1% /data/mydata
[root@llww3317 ~]# mount -o noauto,nodiratime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +1G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): W
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@llww3317 ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060284 KiB
no label, UUID=3ad04c6e-aaa3-4bea-93d4-7cb6fbfd14c4
[root@llww3317 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
[root@llww3317 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda2 partition 2097148 0 -1
/dev/sdb2 partition 1060284 0 -2
#
disk=$(fdisk -l|egrep -o "/dev/sd.?\>")
for i in $disk;do
echo $i
df -h|awk '/'${i//\//\\/}'/{print $0}'
done
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 3.1.sh
/dev/sda
/dev/sda3 18G 3.7G 13G 23% /
/dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot
/dev/sdb
![马哥教育网络班20期+第七周博客作业]()
![马哥教育网络班20期+第七周博客作业]()
root@llww3317 tmp]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655):
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): N
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
P
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309):
Using default value 1309
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 2 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 3 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -n 2 -x 1 -l 1 -c 128 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md0
mount /dev/md0 /data/mydata
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md0
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/md0 /backup ext4 acl,nodiratime 0 0
#
sum=0
directory="/etc"
for file in `ls $directory`;do
if [ -f $directory/$file ];then
l=`cat $directory/$file|wc -l `
echo "$file have $l"
let sum+=1
fi
done
echo "sum:$sum files."
a1
a123
b123
b3324
c4324
c234
d342
d453
#!/bin/bash
#
sum=0
for i in `cat /tmp/user`;do
id $i &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd $i 1>/dev/null
echo $i |passwd --stdin $i 1>/dev/null
let sum+=1
fi
done
echo "sum=$sum"
#
sum=0
for i in {1..20};do
useradd visitor$i
let sum+=`cat /etc/passwd|grep "visitor$i"|cut -d: -f3`
done
echo "sum:$sum"
#
sum=0
files=(/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /etc/fstab)
for i in ${files[@]};do
echo $i `cat $i|grep '^#'|wc -l`
let sum+=`cat $i|grep '^$'|wc -l`
done
echo "blank sum:$sum"
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 10.sh
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 44
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 43
/etc/fstab 7
blank sum:206
#
sum=0
for i in `awk -F: -v OFS=':' '{if($NF=="/bin/bash") print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd`;do
echo $i
let sum+=`echo $i |cut -d: -f2`
done
echo "sum:$sum"
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 11.sh
root:0
a11:500
sum:500
#
sum=0
for i in `awk -F: '{if($4>=0) print $0}' /etc/group`;do
echo $i
let sum+=1
done
echo "sum:$sum"
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 12.sh
mail:x:12:postfix
haldaemon:x:68:haldaemon
a11:x:500:a12
sum:3
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004d60b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM
[root@llww3317 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000678d8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 1306 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM
[root@llww3317 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@llww3317 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@llww3317 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M myvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@llww3317 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 20.00 GiB
PE Size 8.00 MiB
Total PE 2560
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2560 / 20.00 GiB
VG UUID BS42ix-E3bS-EVbZ-8QLH-W1U6-B9VR-RAFZ1n
[root@llww3317 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 myvg
Logical volume "mylv1" created.
[root@llww3317 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
（1） 要求其block大小为2048，预留空间百分比为2，卷标为MYDATA，默认挂载属性包含acl
fdisk /dev/sdb
n
p
1
1
10G
w
[root@llww3317 ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 2 -L 'MYDATA' /dev/sdb1
[root@llww3317 ~]# tune2fs -o acl /dev/sdb1
（2） 挂载至/data/mydata目录，要求挂载时禁止程序自动运行，且不更新文件的访问时间戳
[root@llww3317 ~]# mkdir -p /data/mydata
[root@llww3317 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
[root@llww3317 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 18G 3.7G 13G 23% /
tmpfs 499M 76K 498M 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot
/dev/sdb1 9.8G 13M 9.6G 1% /data/mydata
[root@llww3317 ~]# mount -o noauto,nodiratime /dev/sdb1 /data/mydata
2、创建一个大小为1G的swap分区，并创建好文件系统，并启用之
[root@llww3317 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdbWARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (1307-2610, default 1307):
Using default value 1307
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1307-2610, default 2610): +1G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (linux swap / Solaris)
Command (m for help): W
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@llww3317 ~]# mkswap /dev/sdb2
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1060284 KiB
no label, UUID=3ad04c6e-aaa3-4bea-93d4-7cb6fbfd14c4
[root@llww3317 ~]# swapon /dev/sdb2
[root@llww3317 ~]# swapon -s
Filename Type Size Used Priority
/dev/sda2 partition 2097148 0 -1
/dev/sdb2 partition 1060284 0 -2
3、写一个脚本
（1） 获取并列出当前系统上的所有磁盘设备
（2） 显示每个磁盘设备上每个分区相关的空间使用信息
#!/bin/bash#
disk=$(fdisk -l|egrep -o "/dev/sd.?\>")
for i in $disk;do
echo $i
df -h|awk '/'${i//\//\\/}'/{print $0}'
done
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 3.1.sh
/dev/sda
/dev/sda3 18G 3.7G 13G 23% /
/dev/sda1 477M 35M 418M 8% /boot
/dev/sdb
4、总结RAID的各个级别及其组合方式和性能不同
需求：2块硬盘以上
可靠性：1/N
其原理就是将原先顺序写入数据被分散到所有RAID0的硬盘中同时进行读写，例四块硬盘并行同一时间读写的速度提升4倍。
容量：N*其中最小的一块
需求：2块以上
可靠性：只要系统中一对镜像盘至少有一块可以使用，系统都可以正常运行
其原理就是把一磁盘的数据镜像到另一个磁盘
容量：50%
RAID4RAID1模式加一块异或盘
他对数据访问每次一个盘，一次一竖条
RAID-5相对于RAID4，异或模式对于硬盘轮流进行
奇偶校验码存在于所有磁盘上，读出效率高，写入一般
RAID-6RAID1模式加两块异或盘
它是对RAID5的扩展，主要用于数据绝对不能出错的场合
RAID-7每个磁盘带有高速缓冲存储器，允许使用SNMP进行管理和监视，可连接多台主机，由于加入高速缓冲存储器，当多用户访问系统时，访问时间近乎于0，断电时高速缓冲器内的数据会全部丢失，需要和UPS一起工作，价格可想而知。
RAID-10一个带区结构加一个镜像结构，用于数据容量不大，但要求速度与差错控制的数据库中
5、创建一个大小为10G的RAID1，要求有一个空闲盘，而且CHUNK大小为128K
--------------创建3块5G盘符--------------------root@llww3317 tmp]# fdisk /dev/sdb
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (655-2610, default 655):
Using default value 655
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (655-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): N
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
P
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (1309-2610, default 1309):
Using default value 1309
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1309-2610, default 2610): +5G
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 2 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): fd
Changed system type of partition 3 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -n 2 -x 1 -l 1 -c 128 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}
mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md0
mount /dev/md0 /data/mydata
6、创建一个大小为4G的RAID5设备，chunk大小为256K，格式化ext4文件系统，要求可开机自动挂载到/backup目录，而且不更新访问时间戳，且支持acl功能
mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -n 3 -l 5 -c 256 /dev/sdb{1,2,3}mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md0
vi /etc/fstab
/dev/md0 /backup ext4 acl,nodiratime 0 0
7、写一个脚本
（1）接受一个以上文件路径作为参数
（2）显示每个文件拥有的行数
（3）总结说明本次共为几个文件统计了其行数
#!/bin/bash#
sum=0
directory="/etc"
for file in `ls $directory`;do
if [ -f $directory/$file ];then
l=`cat $directory/$file|wc -l `
echo "$file have $l"
let sum+=1
fi
done
echo "sum:$sum files."
8、写一个脚本
（1）传递两个以上字符串当作用户名
（2）创建这些用户，且密码同用户名
（3）总结说明共创建了几个用户
[root@llww3317 tmp]# cat usera1
a123
b123
b3324
c4324
c234
d342
d453
#!/bin/bash
#
sum=0
for i in `cat /tmp/user`;do
id $i &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd $i 1>/dev/null
echo $i |passwd --stdin $i 1>/dev/null
let sum+=1
fi
done
echo "sum=$sum"
9、写一个脚本，新建20个用户，visitor1-vistitor20;计算他们的ID之和
#!/bin/bash#
sum=0
for i in {1..20};do
useradd visitor$i
let sum+=`cat /etc/passwd|grep "visitor$i"|cut -d: -f3`
done
echo "sum:$sum"
10、写一个脚本，分别统计/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit、/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions和/etc/fstab文件中以#号开头的行数之和，以及总的空白行数
#!/bin/bash#
sum=0
files=(/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions /etc/fstab)
for i in ${files[@]};do
echo $i `cat $i|grep '^#'|wc -l`
let sum+=`cat $i|grep '^$'|wc -l`
done
echo "blank sum:$sum"
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 10.sh
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit 44
/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions 43
/etc/fstab 7
blank sum:206
11、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有默认shell为bash的用户的用户名，UID以及此类所有用户的UID之和
#!/bin/bash#
sum=0
for i in `awk -F: -v OFS=':' '{if($NF=="/bin/bash") print $1,$3}' /etc/passwd`;do
echo $i
let sum+=`echo $i |cut -d: -f2`
done
echo "sum:$sum"
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 11.sh
root:0
a11:500
sum:500
12、写一个脚本，显示当前系统上所有拥有附加组的用户名，并说明共有多少个此类用户
#!/bin/bash#
sum=0
for i in `awk -F: '{if($4>=0) print $0}' /etc/group`;do
echo $i
let sum+=1
done
echo "sum:$sum"
[root@llww3317 tmp]# bash 12.sh
mail:x:12:postfix
haldaemon:x:68:haldaemon
a11:x:500:a12
sum:3
13、创建一个由至少两个物理卷组成的大小为20G卷组：要求PE为8M;而卷组中创建一个大小为5G的逻辑卷mylv1,格式为ext4
[root@llww3317 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdbDisk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004d60b
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 1306 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM
[root@llww3317 ~]# fdisk -l /dev/sdc
Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000678d8
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdc1 1 1306 10490413+ 8e Linux LVM
[root@llww3317 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
[root@llww3317 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdc1
Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
[root@llww3317 ~]# vgcreate -s 8M myvg /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1
Volume group "myvg" successfully created
[root@llww3317 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name myvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 20.00 GiB
PE Size 8.00 MiB
Total PE 2560
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 2560 / 20.00 GiB
VG UUID BS42ix-E3bS-EVbZ-8QLH-W1U6-B9VR-RAFZ1n
[root@llww3317 ~]# lvcreate -L 5G -n mylv1 myvg
Logical volume "mylv1" created.
[root@llww3317 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/myvg/mylv1
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)